total war Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"[B]oth sides had seen, in a sad scrawl of broken earth and murdered men, the answer to the question†¦.Neither race had won, nor could win, the War. The War had won, and would go on winning.†1 These are the words of Edmund Blunden, a British soldier who survived the Battle of the Somme, who came to the realization that nobody could claim victory in the twentieth-century mass warfare, because both winners and losers paid a high price. The new type of warfare launched in the twentieth-century had a great impact on the modern world that went beyond the immediate cost of casualties.2 The psychological, social, economic and technological effect these wars had on those who survived earned this type of conflict a new name: total war, which encompassed all aspects of life. Before 1914, Western society believed in progress, peace, prosperity, reason, and the rights of the individual. During that time, people believed in the Enlightenment, and industrial developments and scie ntific breakthroughs were a daily reality apparent in the rising standard of living. But World War I crushed all hopes and dreams. It plunged society in an age of anxiety and uncertainty in almost every area of human life. The social impact of total war was also profound. The role of women changed dramatically as the war greatly expanded their activities and changed attitudes towards them. This change was brought about by the total national readjustment and the mobilization of the home front. In order to wage unrestrained warfare, belligerents had to intervene in the economies, diverting production from peacetime goods to the manufacture of munitions and military equipment. Technological advances also took place, which increased the number of â€Å"mechanical contrivances†3 such as heavy artilleries, tanks, submarines, and airplanes, which made war an â€Å"untrammeled, absolute manifestation of violence†4 as Carl von Causewitz so eloquently put it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total war marked the beginning of a revolution in thought and ideas, where turmoil, uncertainty, and pessimism replaced the cherished values and beliefs of peace, prosperity, and progress. Men and women in the West felt â€Å"increasingly adrift in a strange, uncertain and uncontrollable world.†5 In his essay â€Å"The Crisis of the Spirit† written in 1919, Paul Valà ©ry, one of France’s most outstanding poets, wrote that Europe â€Å"doubted itsel... ... wars because of the types of weapons used. Hand grenades, machine guns, poisonous mustard gas, tanks, submarines, and airplanes were introduced for the first time. During the Second World War strategic bombing was used, as well as the form of combat called blitzkrieg. The new type of warfare launched in the twentieth century called total war had a great impact on the modern world. It plunged society into an age of uncertainty and pessimism. It also had a devastating psychological effect on the soldiers that survived the war and returned home. In addition, unlimited conflict created a social impact that was seen in the increased participation of women in the economy, and their newly gained right to vote. The â€Å"all-out† war involved as well the massive mobilization of the home front and the establishment of the first totalitarian society. The introduction of machine guns, poisonous gases, tanks, submarines, and airplanes made total war extremely deadly. Hopefully, the lessons learned from the past major wars will be applied by today’s society, and efforts will be made to avoid at all costs another total war. World War I and World War II should remain to be the Wars to End All Wars.

Supplier Relationship Management

Many customer-supplier relationships were weakened or damaged during the economic downturn. To rescue them, both sides need to acknowledge past mistakes, identify the causes of those problems, take corrective action, and monitor the results. As of this writing, all signs are pointing toward recovery, and economic indicators (take your pick) are suggesting a better ending to 2010 than we experienced in 2009. Optimistic whispers in the first few months of this year became clearly audible announcements when Quarter 1 earnings were released.Demand is on the rise, lashed capacity is beginning to fill up, and at many companies, earnings will exceed expectations. Despite the fact that business is improving in most industries, companies will continue to struggle for some time to overcome the effects of the recession on their supply chains. This is especially true for those that made drastic decisions and acted in ways that altered their supply chain capacity and supplier services. Customer-s upplier relationships have been caught up in this turmoil and have often suffered as a result.The economic upheaval of the past 18 months has left many relationships weakened, damaged, or even severed. With demand increasing, now is the time for buyers and suppliers to assess the current state of their relationships and then address or resolve any concerns. This can be accomplished through a four-step process that includes acknowledging what has happened, identifying the causes of any problems, agreeing on and implementing corrective actions, and following up and maintaining the improved relationship. These steps should be carried out within your company's supplier relationship management (SRAM) program.SRAM is a formalized process through which companies build strong, collaborative relationships with their vital suppliers to make improvements and achieve their mutual supply chain goals. If you do not already have a formal SRAM program, then following these steps can serve as the fo undation for this type of initiative. Customers and suppliers that adopt this process and commit to continuing it in the future will not only reaffirm and strengthen their partnerships but will also ensure that they create an effective, flexible supply chain.Step 1: Acknowledge past mistakes Start out by evaluating your current relationship with your most critical suppliers. This assumes that you have already segmented your supply base and identified your most important suppliers. You can follow this process for all suppliers, of course, but to maximize the value of your efforts, it's a good idea to address the most essential suppliers first. Once the top suppliers have been singled out, you can assess the current state of your relationship with each of them individually.The most important part of this first step is to identify and acknowledge the mistakes that were made on both sides. Ask the following questions and examine your answers carefully: Is this relationship in turmoil? I f so, what were the actions that created this tension, and position are you or your suppliers in now as a result? How does the supplier feel toward you, and how do you feel toward the supplier? Do you deem the relationship to be weakened, damaged, or severed? Is the relationship meaningful for your company, and will improving that relationship bring value to both parties?By answering these questions, you will define the roadman toward reconciliation and improved effectiveness?or to accepting a separation, if that proves necessary. Once you have determined that the relationship is worth repairing or saving, it is time to pursue open and honest communication with that supplier. Integrity and trust are he basis for any relationship, and addressing difficult topics in a frank and objective manner will be appreciated by everyone involved. Coming to the table in an open manner is Just the beginning, however.The magnitude of the strife in the relationship will dictate the level of effort r equired to address it. Weakened relationships, while still requiring direct and concerted effort, can be more easily repaired than those with damaged elements or those that have been severed. A special note on severed relationships: If you are not sincere about reconciliation, then do not waste your time or your supplier's time. The amount of time and audience required to rebuild a previously severed relationship can be substantial, and if either party lacks commitment, true reconciliation becomes doubtful.Step 2: Find the real source of the problem The most delicate part of this process involves identifying the root cause of the problems. Bringing in a neutral third party to help both sides review the current relationship and past experiences is one way to maintain objectivity during these discussions. In this type of conversation, emotions and personal involvement tend to rise to the surface, and the â€Å"effect† part of â€Å"cause and effect† often becomes the foc al mint. This is a situation you should strive to avoid.If participants fail to consider the root of a problem, only the symptom will be treated, and another one that may be even more harmful to the relationship will inevitably appear. In reviewing the events of the last 18 months, many customers and suppliers may point to the economy and decreased demand as the cause of relationship strife and discontent. There's no denying that the economy was an underlying factor. As orders plummeted, original equipment manufacturers (Moms) reduced capacities to attempt to match output and expenses to very weak demand.Many suppliers were unaware of the dramatic steps taken by Moms and were left with buildup in their inventories of up to 50 percent? with no buyers for that stock in sight. These high inventory levels caused a variety of problems for suppliers and, in the worst cases, resulted in bankruptcy. While the economy and declining demand clearly play a role here, poor customer-supplier rela tionships and the lack of strong communication channels appear to be a major cause of the devastating inventory buildup.This might have been avoided by improving forecasting tools or enhancing operational capabilities to more quickly spend to downward shifts in demand. Both are sound actions to pursue at any time, but neither will resolve the lack of customer- supplier communication that will continue to cause problems in the future. An important question to ask here is: â€Å"Were there warning signs before the problem occurred? † As both customer and supplier consider this question, they should reflect upon quantitative (on-time measurements that may have signaled trouble ahead.Discussing these measurements or signals as well as the customer's and supplier's responses to those developments will help to establish where specific problems originated. Step 3: Identify and implement corrective actions Now that the root causes of relationship strife and their leading indicators h ave been identified, the next step is to define and implement corrective actions. These actions can include procedural changes, changes in safety stocks, increased communication requirements, or even changes in personnel.Observe the impact of these corrective actions on the original symptoms (the â€Å"effect†) and ensure that the resulting improvements can be objectively measured and quantified. For example, a procedural change could reduce the amount of time required to process a orientation, therefore the number of transactions per hour will increase. Moreover, increasing safety stock and boosting communication requirements (such as sending status updates more frequently) may yield higher service levels, which can also be measured.It's wise to avoid subjective measurements, which may invite interpretations that lead to more disagreements and conflicts. Be sure to incorporate these measurements into an existing customer-supplier scorecard process, or if none exists, take th e opportunity to create one that can be reviewed periodically. The solutions you develop can and should vary based on the type of relationship you eave with your supplier: A strictly transaction-based relationship that focuses on only one or two activities is likely to be rekindled by focusing attention solely on improving those specific activities. ?Tactical relationships may benefit from solutions that span both upstream and downstream from the basic operational transactions. These relationships may have multiple touch points, and resolving each relationship conflict at each touch point may be an extensive, time-consuming process. Strategic partnerships call for the most complex activities and coordination to revive a distressed relationship. Moreover, strategic partnerships frequently span multiple organizations at all levels. So, although most efforts may start at the top of the organizational chart, it is important to address all levels when rebuilding trust and good will.Carry ing out the solutions you agree on most likely will involve increased sharing of operational and business information, such as supply inventory levels, point-of-sales data, and market trends that are beneficial for both customer and supplier. Frequently, an investment in information technology software can facilitate and enhance this kind of extensive data sharing. Step 4: Monitor and maintain the allegations After implementing corrective actions, you'll need to conduct management reviews in which progress is discussed, milestones are recognized, and changes to planned milestones are decided upon when necessary.It almost goes without saying that these reviews should be carried out in a timely fashion. The definition of â€Å"timeliness,† however, depends upon what activities are being measured and on their inherent cycle times. The review should occur within a time frame that allows sufficient data points identifying change to be generated. A premature review will show lack o f progress and can lower confidence levels. At the same time, a late review or prolonged periods between reviews can Jeopardize momentum or even introduce been introduced since the previous review.Matching management reviews to meaningful data generation will help avoid these pitfalls and keep the momentum toward positive relationship change. The successful repair of a customer-supplier relationship will heavily depend on the involvement of the leadership teams and the commitment of both sides to the process. If continuing the relationship will bring value to both parties, then their commitment to achieving success (and to maintaining the relationship) should be explicit.In other words, leadership's involvement in supplier relationship management demonstrates the importance of this activity to the organization. Nevertheless, sustaining the relationship can be difficult even when there is great support from the leadership of both customer and supplier. It makes sense, therefore, to c onsider turning the relationship management activities that have been developed to address specific problems into a formalized program supporting continued improvement. Leverage the scheduled reviews, progress metrics, and milestones to shape the content of a formal customer- supplier management process.Expand team and individual involvement to other levels of the organization as appropriate. Remember that a customer-supplier relationship is a two-way street? throughout the â€Å"monitor and maintain† phase, both sides should be openhanded and go out of their way to learn from each other. For example, the customer can teach the supplier that it needs to provide more than Just the right product at the right price, and the supplier can teach the customer that it requires more information than a basic forecast if it is to support the customer's supply chain success.Relationships: The foundation of success Now is the time to assess your customer-supplier relationships, as your co mpany recovers from the Great Recession and prepares for an upturn in business. If those relationships are weakened, damaged, or severed, consider taking the following steps: Objectively acknowledge the past and open a clear communication channel with the sincere intent of building a mutually beneficial relationship. Discuss and discover the sources (the â€Å"cause†) of the problems and develop corrective actions.Be careful not to fall into the trap of addressing symptoms (the â€Å"effects†). Follow through tit corrective actions and continue to monitor and maintain the relationship. To improve the likelihood of success, ensure that there is leadership support from both customer and supplier. Remember, solid, healthy customer-supplier relationships form the foundation of an enterprise's success. Companies that continue to suffer because of weakened, damaged, or severed relationships will surely lose to their competition. Justine Brown is principal at the consulting f irm Tompkins Associates.An organization spends substantial portion of every dollar on the purchase of raw materials, components, and services. In fact, 60% of cost goods sold are consisted of purchased goods. Therefore, supplier quality can substantially affect the overall cost of a product or service. One of the keys to obtaining high-quality products and services is for the customer to work with suppliers in a partnering atmosphere to achieve the same quality level as attained within the organization. Customers and suppliers have the same goal?to satisfy end user.The better the supplier quality, the better the supplier's long-term position, because the customer will have better work together as partners to maximize their return on investment. There have been number of forces that have changed supplier relations. Prior to the sass, procurement decisions were typically based on price, thereby awarding contracts to lowest bidder. As a result, quality and timely delivery were sacrific ed. One force, Deeming fourth point, addressed this problem. He stated that customers must stop awarding business based on the low bidder because price has no basis without quality.In addition, he advocated single suppliers for each items to help develop a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. These actions will lead to improved products and services. Another force changing supplier relations was the introduction of the Just-in-time TIT) concept. It calls for raw materials and components to reach the production operations in small quantities when they are needed and not before. The benefits of SIT is that inventory-related costs are kept to minimum. Procurement lots are small and delivery is frequent.As a result, the supplier have many more process setups, thus becoming a SIT organization itself. The supplier must drastically reduce setup time or its cost will increase. Before there is little or no inventory, the quality incoming material must be very good or the reduction li ne will be shut down. To be successful, SIT requires exceptional quality and reduced setup time. The practice of continuous process improvement has also caused many suppliers develop partnership with their customers. A final force is ISO 9000, which is mandated by the major automotive assembly firms.Specifically, first tier and tiers subsequent to the Moms must maintain supply chain development through three key factors: zero defects, 100% on-time delivery, and a process for continuous improvement. These forces have changed adversarial customer-supplier relationship into mutually beneficial partnerships. Joint efforts improve quality, reduce costs, and increase market share for both parties. Dry. Koru Chickasaws has suggested 10 principles to ensure quality products and services and eliminate unsatisfactory conditions between the customer and the supplier: 1 .Both customers and the suppliers are fully responsible for the control of quality. 2. Both the customer and supplier should b e independent of each other and respect each other's independence. 3. The customer is responsible for providing the supplier with clear sufficient requirements so that supplier can know precisely what to produce. 4. Both the customer and the supplier should enter into a non adversarial contract with respect to quality, quantity, price, delivery method, and terms payments. 5.The supplier is responsible for providing the quality that will satisfy the customer and submitting necessary data upon customer's request. 6. Both the customer and the supplier should decide the method to evaluate the quality of the product or service to the satisfaction of both parties. 7. Both the customer and the supplier should establish in the contract the method by which they can reach an amicable settlement of any disputes that may arise. 8. Both the customer and the applier should continually exchange information, sometimes using multifunctional teams, in order to improve the product or service quality. . Both the customer and the supplier should perform business activities such as procurement, production, and inventory planning, clerical work, and systems so that an amicable and satisfactory relationship is maintained. 10. When dealing with business the end user in mind. Although most of the principles are common sense, a close scrutiny shows that a true partnering relationship exists with long-term relationship, where each party preserves their identity and independence. Supplier Relationship Management Many customer-supplier relationships were weakened or damaged during the economic downturn. To rescue them, both sides need to acknowledge past mistakes, identify the causes of those problems, take corrective action, and monitor the results. As of this writing, all signs are pointing toward recovery, and economic indicators (take your pick) are suggesting a better ending to 2010 than we experienced in 2009. Optimistic whispers in the first few months of this year became clearly audible announcements when Quarter 1 earnings were released.Demand is on the rise, lashed capacity is beginning to fill up, and at many companies, earnings will exceed expectations. Despite the fact that business is improving in most industries, companies will continue to struggle for some time to overcome the effects of the recession on their supply chains. This is especially true for those that made drastic decisions and acted in ways that altered their supply chain capacity and supplier services. Customer-s upplier relationships have been caught up in this turmoil and have often suffered as a result.The economic upheaval of the past 18 months has left many relationships weakened, damaged, or even severed. With demand increasing, now is the time for buyers and suppliers to assess the current state of their relationships and then address or resolve any concerns. This can be accomplished through a four-step process that includes acknowledging what has happened, identifying the causes of any problems, agreeing on and implementing corrective actions, and following up and maintaining the improved relationship. These steps should be carried out within your company's supplier relationship management (SRAM) program.SRAM is a formalized process through which companies build strong, collaborative relationships with their vital suppliers to make improvements and achieve their mutual supply chain goals. If you do not already have a formal SRAM program, then following these steps can serve as the fo undation for this type of initiative. Customers and suppliers that adopt this process and commit to continuing it in the future will not only reaffirm and strengthen their partnerships but will also ensure that they create an effective, flexible supply chain.Step 1: Acknowledge past mistakes Start out by evaluating your current relationship with your most critical suppliers. This assumes that you have already segmented your supply base and identified your most important suppliers. You can follow this process for all suppliers, of course, but to maximize the value of your efforts, it's a good idea to address the most essential suppliers first. Once the top suppliers have been singled out, you can assess the current state of your relationship with each of them individually.The most important part of this first step is to identify and acknowledge the mistakes that were made on both sides. Ask the following questions and examine your answers carefully: Is this relationship in turmoil? I f so, what were the actions that created this tension, and position are you or your suppliers in now as a result? How does the supplier feel toward you, and how do you feel toward the supplier? Do you deem the relationship to be weakened, damaged, or severed? Is the relationship meaningful for your company, and will improving that relationship bring value to both parties?By answering these questions, you will define the roadman toward reconciliation and improved effectiveness?or to accepting a separation, if that proves necessary. Once you have determined that the relationship is worth repairing or saving, it is time to pursue open and honest communication with that supplier. Integrity and trust are he basis for any relationship, and addressing difficult topics in a frank and objective manner will be appreciated by everyone involved. Coming to the table in an open manner is Just the beginning, however.The magnitude of the strife in the relationship will dictate the level of effort r equired to address it. Weakened relationships, while still requiring direct and concerted effort, can be more easily repaired than those with damaged elements or those that have been severed. A special note on severed relationships: If you are not sincere about reconciliation, then do not waste your time or your supplier's time. The amount of time and audience required to rebuild a previously severed relationship can be substantial, and if either party lacks commitment, true reconciliation becomes doubtful.Step 2: Find the real source of the problem The most delicate part of this process involves identifying the root cause of the problems. Bringing in a neutral third party to help both sides review the current relationship and past experiences is one way to maintain objectivity during these discussions. In this type of conversation, emotions and personal involvement tend to rise to the surface, and the â€Å"effect† part of â€Å"cause and effect† often becomes the foc al mint. This is a situation you should strive to avoid.If participants fail to consider the root of a problem, only the symptom will be treated, and another one that may be even more harmful to the relationship will inevitably appear. In reviewing the events of the last 18 months, many customers and suppliers may point to the economy and decreased demand as the cause of relationship strife and discontent. There's no denying that the economy was an underlying factor. As orders plummeted, original equipment manufacturers (Moms) reduced capacities to attempt to match output and expenses to very weak demand.Many suppliers were unaware of the dramatic steps taken by Moms and were left with buildup in their inventories of up to 50 percent? with no buyers for that stock in sight. These high inventory levels caused a variety of problems for suppliers and, in the worst cases, resulted in bankruptcy. While the economy and declining demand clearly play a role here, poor customer-supplier rela tionships and the lack of strong communication channels appear to be a major cause of the devastating inventory buildup.This might have been avoided by improving forecasting tools or enhancing operational capabilities to more quickly spend to downward shifts in demand. Both are sound actions to pursue at any time, but neither will resolve the lack of customer- supplier communication that will continue to cause problems in the future. An important question to ask here is: â€Å"Were there warning signs before the problem occurred? † As both customer and supplier consider this question, they should reflect upon quantitative (on-time measurements that may have signaled trouble ahead.Discussing these measurements or signals as well as the customer's and supplier's responses to those developments will help to establish where specific problems originated. Step 3: Identify and implement corrective actions Now that the root causes of relationship strife and their leading indicators h ave been identified, the next step is to define and implement corrective actions. These actions can include procedural changes, changes in safety stocks, increased communication requirements, or even changes in personnel.Observe the impact of these corrective actions on the original symptoms (the â€Å"effect†) and ensure that the resulting improvements can be objectively measured and quantified. For example, a procedural change could reduce the amount of time required to process a orientation, therefore the number of transactions per hour will increase. Moreover, increasing safety stock and boosting communication requirements (such as sending status updates more frequently) may yield higher service levels, which can also be measured.It's wise to avoid subjective measurements, which may invite interpretations that lead to more disagreements and conflicts. Be sure to incorporate these measurements into an existing customer-supplier scorecard process, or if none exists, take th e opportunity to create one that can be reviewed periodically. The solutions you develop can and should vary based on the type of relationship you eave with your supplier: A strictly transaction-based relationship that focuses on only one or two activities is likely to be rekindled by focusing attention solely on improving those specific activities. ?Tactical relationships may benefit from solutions that span both upstream and downstream from the basic operational transactions. These relationships may have multiple touch points, and resolving each relationship conflict at each touch point may be an extensive, time-consuming process. Strategic partnerships call for the most complex activities and coordination to revive a distressed relationship. Moreover, strategic partnerships frequently span multiple organizations at all levels. So, although most efforts may start at the top of the organizational chart, it is important to address all levels when rebuilding trust and good will.Carry ing out the solutions you agree on most likely will involve increased sharing of operational and business information, such as supply inventory levels, point-of-sales data, and market trends that are beneficial for both customer and supplier. Frequently, an investment in information technology software can facilitate and enhance this kind of extensive data sharing. Step 4: Monitor and maintain the allegations After implementing corrective actions, you'll need to conduct management reviews in which progress is discussed, milestones are recognized, and changes to planned milestones are decided upon when necessary.It almost goes without saying that these reviews should be carried out in a timely fashion. The definition of â€Å"timeliness,† however, depends upon what activities are being measured and on their inherent cycle times. The review should occur within a time frame that allows sufficient data points identifying change to be generated. A premature review will show lack o f progress and can lower confidence levels. At the same time, a late review or prolonged periods between reviews can Jeopardize momentum or even introduce been introduced since the previous review.Matching management reviews to meaningful data generation will help avoid these pitfalls and keep the momentum toward positive relationship change. The successful repair of a customer-supplier relationship will heavily depend on the involvement of the leadership teams and the commitment of both sides to the process. If continuing the relationship will bring value to both parties, then their commitment to achieving success (and to maintaining the relationship) should be explicit.In other words, leadership's involvement in supplier relationship management demonstrates the importance of this activity to the organization. Nevertheless, sustaining the relationship can be difficult even when there is great support from the leadership of both customer and supplier. It makes sense, therefore, to c onsider turning the relationship management activities that have been developed to address specific problems into a formalized program supporting continued improvement. Leverage the scheduled reviews, progress metrics, and milestones to shape the content of a formal customer- supplier management process.Expand team and individual involvement to other levels of the organization as appropriate. Remember that a customer-supplier relationship is a two-way street? throughout the â€Å"monitor and maintain† phase, both sides should be openhanded and go out of their way to learn from each other. For example, the customer can teach the supplier that it needs to provide more than Just the right product at the right price, and the supplier can teach the customer that it requires more information than a basic forecast if it is to support the customer's supply chain success.Relationships: The foundation of success Now is the time to assess your customer-supplier relationships, as your co mpany recovers from the Great Recession and prepares for an upturn in business. If those relationships are weakened, damaged, or severed, consider taking the following steps: Objectively acknowledge the past and open a clear communication channel with the sincere intent of building a mutually beneficial relationship. Discuss and discover the sources (the â€Å"cause†) of the problems and develop corrective actions.Be careful not to fall into the trap of addressing symptoms (the â€Å"effects†). Follow through tit corrective actions and continue to monitor and maintain the relationship. To improve the likelihood of success, ensure that there is leadership support from both customer and supplier. Remember, solid, healthy customer-supplier relationships form the foundation of an enterprise's success. Companies that continue to suffer because of weakened, damaged, or severed relationships will surely lose to their competition. Justine Brown is principal at the consulting f irm Tompkins Associates.An organization spends substantial portion of every dollar on the purchase of raw materials, components, and services. In fact, 60% of cost goods sold are consisted of purchased goods. Therefore, supplier quality can substantially affect the overall cost of a product or service. One of the keys to obtaining high-quality products and services is for the customer to work with suppliers in a partnering atmosphere to achieve the same quality level as attained within the organization. Customers and suppliers have the same goal?to satisfy end user.The better the supplier quality, the better the supplier's long-term position, because the customer will have better work together as partners to maximize their return on investment. There have been number of forces that have changed supplier relations. Prior to the sass, procurement decisions were typically based on price, thereby awarding contracts to lowest bidder. As a result, quality and timely delivery were sacrific ed. One force, Deeming fourth point, addressed this problem. He stated that customers must stop awarding business based on the low bidder because price has no basis without quality.In addition, he advocated single suppliers for each items to help develop a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. These actions will lead to improved products and services. Another force changing supplier relations was the introduction of the Just-in-time TIT) concept. It calls for raw materials and components to reach the production operations in small quantities when they are needed and not before. The benefits of SIT is that inventory-related costs are kept to minimum. Procurement lots are small and delivery is frequent.As a result, the supplier have many more process setups, thus becoming a SIT organization itself. The supplier must drastically reduce setup time or its cost will increase. Before there is little or no inventory, the quality incoming material must be very good or the reduction li ne will be shut down. To be successful, SIT requires exceptional quality and reduced setup time. The practice of continuous process improvement has also caused many suppliers develop partnership with their customers. A final force is ISO 9000, which is mandated by the major automotive assembly firms.Specifically, first tier and tiers subsequent to the Moms must maintain supply chain development through three key factors: zero defects, 100% on-time delivery, and a process for continuous improvement. These forces have changed adversarial customer-supplier relationship into mutually beneficial partnerships. Joint efforts improve quality, reduce costs, and increase market share for both parties. Dry. Koru Chickasaws has suggested 10 principles to ensure quality products and services and eliminate unsatisfactory conditions between the customer and the supplier: 1 .Both customers and the suppliers are fully responsible for the control of quality. 2. Both the customer and supplier should b e independent of each other and respect each other's independence. 3. The customer is responsible for providing the supplier with clear sufficient requirements so that supplier can know precisely what to produce. 4. Both the customer and the supplier should enter into a non adversarial contract with respect to quality, quantity, price, delivery method, and terms payments. 5.The supplier is responsible for providing the quality that will satisfy the customer and submitting necessary data upon customer's request. 6. Both the customer and the supplier should decide the method to evaluate the quality of the product or service to the satisfaction of both parties. 7. Both the customer and the supplier should establish in the contract the method by which they can reach an amicable settlement of any disputes that may arise. 8. Both the customer and the applier should continually exchange information, sometimes using multifunctional teams, in order to improve the product or service quality. . Both the customer and the supplier should perform business activities such as procurement, production, and inventory planning, clerical work, and systems so that an amicable and satisfactory relationship is maintained. 10. When dealing with business the end user in mind. Although most of the principles are common sense, a close scrutiny shows that a true partnering relationship exists with long-term relationship, where each party preserves their identity and independence.

Examine the Argument That Social Identities Are Often...

Describe what table 1 and 2 tell us about local authority decisions about homelessness in England The data in table 1 shows a clear increase in total decisions made between 1998 and 2004. Total number of decisions made in 1998/99 was 244,830 and this figure increased up to 298,390 by 2003/04, an increase of 22%. This increase is seen along all four groups. ‘Unintentionally homeless and in priority need’ increased by 30%, ‘homeless but not in priority need’ by 21% and ‘not homeless’ by 5% however ‘intentionally homeless and in priority need’ more than doubled in this time. From 2004/05 onwards all four groups of figures steadily decreased up until 2009/10. However, ‘intentionally homeless and in priority need’ further increased again†¦show more content†¦Word Count 350 Examine the argument that social identities are often characterised by inequality based on your reading of material in ‘connected lives’ and the article The Act. This essay will look at how social identities are characterised by inequality. It will first look at the meanings of social identity and inequality and then it will further elaborate on how certain groups such as the homeless or ethnic races are defined by these inequalities. Taylor (2012, p 167) defines social identity as ‘an identity given by connections to other people and social situations. (Often contrasted with personal identity). Some examples are group and collective identities, situated identities, given by the immediate situation so liable to change, and relational identities, usually given by a two-sided, possibly unequal, relationship’. Taylor (2012) argues that a collective identity can be that of gender, race, age and many more. However, this does not mean that once a collective identity has been formed that all the people within that collective identity have something in common or share the same interests. People who form part of a collective identity will still have a personal identity ‘an idea of who she or he is’ (Taylor, 2012, p 170). Taylor (2012) argues that social identity is not completely separate from personal identity. For example some people would argue that being sociallyShow MoreRelatedChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 PagesBeyene Property rights Kjell Havnevik Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad inequality and climate change contents to our reAders AfricAn Agriculture 1 3 november 2007 Carin Norberg African agriculture and the World Bank: development or impoverishment? Atakilte Beyene 5 8 Property rights formalisation in Africa Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad the relationship between inequality and climate change Kjell Havnevik commentAries intervieW 11 14 decoding theRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 PagesWORKING PAPER e rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism: A study of how newspapers and broadcasters in the UK and US are responding to a wave of participatory social media, and a historic shi in control towards individual consumers. Nic Newman September 2009 Contents Executive summary and key conclusions 1. Framing the debate 2. Mainstream media motivations, doubts and dilemmas 2.1 Definitions and motivations 2.2 BBC 2.3 Guardian and Telegraph 2.4 New York Times

Does the GOP Have a Problem With Minorities

Does the GOP have a problem with minorities? The Republican Party has faced such accusations throughout the 21st century, particularly as Donald Trump rose to prominence as well as at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla. During that convention, the GOP highlighted minority political figures such as Condoleezza Rice, Nikki Haley and Susana Martinez, but few of the actual delegates were people of color.   In fact, the Washington Post pointed out that just 2 percent of delegates were African American. This stat and reports that President Barack Obama won reelection in large part because of support from the nations three largest racial groups—blacks, Hispanics and Asian Americans—have  signaled that the GOP seriously needs to reach out to communities of color.  Polls indicating that minorities overwhelmingly back Hillary Clinton over Trump in the 2016 presidential race have raised similar concerns. â€Å"This Republican Party base is white, aging and dying off,† David Bositis of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies told the Post. According to the Pew Research Center, 87 percent of Republicans are white, a far higher proportion than the 63.7 percent of non-Hispanic whites that made up the U.S. population during the 2010 census. In contrast, just 55 percent of Democrats were white during the same time frame. Given this, Bositis was far from the only one to question why the GOP of the 21st century does not reflect the ethnically diverse United States. A number of prominent figures have weighed in on the GOP’s diversity problem by pointing out how Republican policies alienate people of color and how conservatives can adopt platforms that resonate with minorities. GOP Needs New Message Artur Davis, a former Alabama congressman who changed his party affiliation from Democrat to Republican, told the Post that the GOP can’t expect to reach blacks by emphasizing its opposition to Big Government. â€Å"It’s not just enough to go into the black community and say, ‘We want to keep government from taking over your life,’† he said. â€Å"That doesn’t resonate in a whole lot of the black community, who have come to see government as a salvation and as economic leveler. It’s going to take being willing to define conservatism as not just a defense of economic liberty but as a broader way of constructing a society that can promote social mobility.† Not Many Black Women Patricia Carroll, a CNN camerawoman, made headlines after she says whites at the 2012 Republican National Convention threw peanuts at her. â€Å"This is what we feed animals,† she says they quipped during the assault. Carroll suggested that the lack of minorities at the convention might have contributed to her attack. She told Journal-isms, â€Å"This is Florida, and I’m from the Deep South. You come to places like this, you can count the black people on your hand. They see us doing things they don’t think I should do. †¦There are not that many black women there. †¦People were living in euphoria for a while. People think we’ve gone further than we have.† In 2016, little had changed. A number of people of color, including Republicans, were harassed, hit or thrown out of Trump campaign events. The New York Times recorded Trump supporters using racial slurs, misogynistic terms and engaging in other egregious behavior at the candidates rallies. Republicans Must Diversify to Win William J. Bennett, U.S. secretary of education from 1985 to 1988 and director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy under President George H.W. Bush, wrote in a CNN.com piece that the GOP must embrace multiculturalism if it expects to compete with Democrats in future elections. â€Å"With the nation’s changing demographics, Republicans can no longer rely on the South and Midwest to carry them to victory...,† he stated. â€Å"Instead, they must broaden their base into traditionally purple and blue states. Its an uphill battle ...but it’s not insurmountable.† GOP Stance on Immigration Alienates Latinos Fox News analyst Juan Williams says that Republicans have much ground to make before they earn the loyalty of Latinos. He pointed out in a piece for TheHill.com that Democrats such as President Barack Obama have supported legislation that would ease the path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, while Republicans have opposed such laws. Williams wrote: â€Å"Obama used his executive power to implement this provision of the DREAM Act after it had been blocked repeatedly by Republicans in Congress. Mitt Romney said that he would have vetoed the DREAM Act, and Paul Ryan voted against it in 2010. At a time when Republicans should be embracing the pragmatism and inclusion of Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio, they are doubling down on the rigid immigration posture of Kris Kobach, Pete Wilson and Arizona laws that alienate Hispanics.† By the 2016 presidential race, Rubio abandoned inclusion to veer to the far right. The fact that he supported immigration reform was used to criticize him during his failed bid for president. Rubios loss and Trumps gains indicate that the GOP has grown increasingly intolerant.

A. Lunsfords Book Easy Writer - 1566 Words

In Andrea A. Lunsford s book Easy Writer, she describes how to conduct research and evaluate source material. In addition to informing the reader of the proper ways to incorporate source materials into an article, and concludes with how to write a researched paper. Lunsford begins chapter 37 Conducting Research, with a detailed explanation of how a writer should start to the research process. First, Lunsford informs the reader to analyze the research assignment, research a question to answer, and then to form a hypothesis. Then, Lunsford details how to perform each of these steps, beginning with the questions a writer need to ask themselves vital to the research process. These questions include information on the purpose of the research project, the target audience, and the interests or assumptions of the audience. After that, the author asks the reader to question their own attitude, feelings, and influences on the topic. Some other questions Lunsford advises the reader to answ er before beginning a research project include the amount and types of evidence needed to influence their audience. As well as, questions related to the time and length of the research project. Next, Lunsford explains to the reader how to formulate a question and hypothesis for a research project. This process is begun by finding a topic and, then narrowing it down to an issue from which a question and hypothesis can be generated. Lunsford recommends that writers also plan out their research

Maya Angelou A Phenomenal Literary Poet Essay Example For Students

Maya Angelou A Phenomenal Literary Poet Essay What distinguishes Maya as a writer is the fact that, almost all of her work is based on real life experiences she underwent from her childhood to adult life. Moreover, another key distinguishing factor is her literary style, which oscillates between straight forward ideas and complex symbolic concepts. In her works, she displays her triumph over numerous life challenges, and this is what places her in a position to inspire and influence the lives of many people around the world. This research paper argues that Maya Angelo is a phenomenal literary poet and will present reasons and evidence o support this argument. However, before describing this phenomenal woman, a brief history of her life will be provided to establish the roots of her exceptional literary talent. Maya Angelo was born as Marguerite Ann Johnson on 4th April 1928, to Bailey Johnson and Vivian Baxter in SST. Louis, Missouri. When she was three years old, Mamas parents divorced and since neither parent could afford to raise Maya and her brother Bailey, then four years old, they were shipped off to Stamps, a small town in Arkansas to live with their paternal grandmother. Life in Arkansas revolved around heir grandparents store, going to school and attending Sunday mass. Four years later, Maya and her brother returned to SST. Louis to live with their mother and according to Maya, seeing her mother after four years, she understood why she had sent them away; Vivian Baxter was too beautiful to spend her time looking after children. Maya and her brother reacquainted with their maternal extended family and her mothers new boyfriend, Mr.. Freeman. For six months, Maya and her brother lived with her maternal grandmother together with their mother and threes uncles, until Vivian decide to move in with her boyfriend Mr.. Freeman. Angelo and her brother were traumatized by the transition from a small town to the big city and as a result, Maya relied on emotional support from Mr.. Freeman, whom she thought of as a father. When Maya was seven years old, Freeman took advantage of Viands absence and raped Maya, then threaded to kill her if she told anybody about what had happened. She eventually fell sick and was taken to hospital where she confided to Bailey, who then informed their grandmother, who then called the police. Freeman was arrested and convicted, following Mamas testimony, to one year in prison. However, under unusual circumstances, Freeman was released the following day, and was later found kicked to death, in a vacant lot. Maya felt responsible for Freemans death thinking that her testimony against him had occasioned his death. Consequently, she decided not to talk to anyone except Bailey, and for five years she remained mute. Eight months later, she and Bailey were sent back to Stamps, where they went back to school, where, Maya, despite her talking disability, performed so well in her studies. One day, at her grandmothers store, Maya met Mrs.. Flowers, who as sympathetic to her plight and showed Maya new way to express herself, through the literary arts. Maya borrowed books from Mrs.. Flowers and eventually began speaking. After graduating from the Lafayette County Training School, Maya and Bailey were sent to California to live with their mother and later moved to Oakland after her mother remarried. Maya Joined high school and became a mother shortly after. After the birth of her son Clyde, Maya had to work to raise her son, which meant taking up various employment positions ranging from secretary, bar maid, waitress to a dancer. She got married at nineteen, to Tony Angelo and divorced two ears later upon which she went into professional dancing and acting. In the following years she traveled around Europe, participated in Martin Lathers movement, got married, lived in Cairo, worked as an editor, moved to Ghana to teach at the university, and then moved back to the US after meeting Malcolm X, to assist him with his movement. However, Malcolm X was assassinated shortly after in 1968 shattering Mamas dreams and aspirations. It was here that Maya decided, following advice from her close friend James Baldwin, to pursue her writing career. .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .postImageUrl , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:hover , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:visited , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:active { border:0!important; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:active , .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4490291c27b2474c88ea54a52f7d5aec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe EssayShe began writing I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings which was released in 1970 and chosen for he National Book Award. Maya continued to write more books and poetry many of which, she has been recognized and awarded. Among the awards Angelo has received over the years include the Presidential Medal of Arts (2001); the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work for the book Letter to My Daughter; the Lincoln Medal in 2008; and the Medal of Freedom in 2011. Additionally, Maya has been awarded more than thirty honorary degrees and is currently a Reynolds professor of American Studies at the Wake Forest University. Maya Angelo: A phenomenal literary icon As mentioned earlier, Angelinos autobiographical literary style is what makes her stand out among other literary authors of her time. Unman Ghana and Bushes Anza write: The life and work of Angelo are fully intertwined. Her work is autobiographical. She explores her gradual growth from a black child to a grown-up woman A kind of painful process of recalling and remembering her past which is broken and dismembered in fragments It truly reflects the essence of her struggle to overcome the restrictions that were placed upon her in a hostile environment. Angelinos poetry and personal narratives form a large picture wherein the symbolic Angelo rises to become a point of consciousness for Afro-American people . By recounting her story in her narratives and poems, Maya is able to capture her audiences attention since they are able to relate to her plight. Moreover, she inspires her readership that despite the challenges of life, everyone can still make it. Joanne Brannon in Modern American Women Writers contends that Readers of her poetry appreciate its rhythm, lyric imagery, and realism.. He people who read Angelinos work include both critics and lay readers, and she has achieved a measure of true notation in their eyes by transcending brutal racism, sexual abuse, and poverty to become one of Americas most celebrated contemporary writers. Essentially, Angelo seeks to convey the feeling of transcendence in all her works. For example, in the poem Still I Rise Angelo conveys the message of not giving up in the face of adversity, that ev en when life was tough, she still triumphed. She writes: Mimi may write me down in history with your bitter, twisted lies, you may trod me in the very dirt but still, like dust, Ill rise; demonstrating to her readers that everyone can still succeed even in the worst of conditions. Another factor that makes Angelo exceptional is her exploration of the social psychological and cultural themes. Notably, most of her work is inundated with themes of social acceptance, love, rejection, loss of love, resistance, racial differences, and national consciousness. Through her narrations and poems, Maya gives life to issues experienced by individuals in daily life, but often unexplored and disregarded by many. Recurrently, Angelo covers the topics of socio-psychological inferiority, the craving for liberation, and the anger against normalization in her poems reflecting her own Journey from seclusions self to enlightenment and appeals to the modernist sensibility longing for the perseverance of her nativity and dealing with the implied cultural and social differences, ironies and paradoxes. Her work explicitly demonstrates her commitment to the poetics of subversion; through which she questions the power, dominance and hegemonic control of the center and the peripheral treatment of the Black community. For example, in the poem Caged Bird, Angelo presents a commentary on the differential treatment of the white and African American culture. In the poem, Maya compares the two cultures to birds , one free and the other caged: hill the free bird has the ability to fly as high as it wants, the caged bird has only the ability to sing for its freedoms since its wings are clipped and his feet are tied. .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .postImageUrl , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:hover , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:visited , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:active { border:0!important; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:active , .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e9c27818a87de86455ac0a9a413021b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: She - At His Funeral EssayMaya Angelo is also exceptional in her representation of the feminist ideology. According to Ghana and Anza, her characterization of woman in every way is a kind of self-representation on the part of a sensitive woman, as the state of being in reality with all its multiple shades, colors and icons. She does not reduce herself into a sexual model of woman rather as a whole human being with the openness of a complete personality. Mamas concept of a woman is best expressed in the poem Phenomenal Woman where she argues that inner beauty is what makes a woman exceptional, not the external beauty. Further, Mamas work is phenomenal due to her unique use of various literary devices such as imagery, symbolism, unique personae, repetition, anaphora, realism and musicality. Ghana and Anza state that: The texture of her poetry is the skeleton architecture of the real life. She owes the art of transposing feelings into language eloquently. She knows how to integrate the feelings and thought, passion and reality, abstract and concrete, actuality and reenactments truths. The use of native proverbs, slang and colloquial language lends it a color of its own and helps to shape her conception of identity, self and acknowledgments. She pleasurably mixes rhythm, variety, musicality, multiplicity as distinct features in her poetry. Uniquely, most of Angelinos poetry is lyrical, which is attributable to her career as an actress and dancer. According to Lyman Hagen, Most of her other poetry could easily be set to music. It is purposely lyrical. It is designed to elicit stirring emotional responses. Much of it is meant to show fun with the milliamp. Critical Reception Despite the prevalent success of Mamas work, the overall critic agreement is that her work would hardly be famous, were it not for her autobiographical approach.

Locke, Hobbes, Machiavelli Essay Essay Example

Locke, Hobbes, Machiavelli Essay Essay Nicolo Machiavelli, John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes are philosophers that have changed and influenced the lives of many people. Their specific interpretations of each of their beliefs on the best methods to run a successful government, and their evaluations of a human beings’ natural state are key to developing a more desirable government. In the film, Lord of the Flies, directed by Harry Hook, many key ideas of all three philosophers are present. John Locke’s beliefs are portrayed throughout the film, Lord of the Flies. Locke specifically states that â€Å"all men are naturally in†¦a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature†, thus suggesting that all men are neither good nor evil and that one learns one or the other as one grows (Locke 445). He goes on to say that this â€Å"state of nature† must always have â€Å"a law of nature to govern it† (Locke 446). The state of nature of human beings is a recurring theme and example in the film. When the abandoned boys first appear in the film, natural law and the state of nature are already present as the boys begin to come together and choose a leader. At the beginning of the film, the boys start off with a clean slate and as the film progresses they slowly learn and become either good or evil. Thomas Hobbes believed that â€Å"during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war†¦as if of every man, against every man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes). We will write a custom essay sample on Locke, Hobbes, Machiavelli Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Locke, Hobbes, Machiavelli Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Locke, Hobbes, Machiavelli Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Lord of the Flies, the belief that men are inherently evil is portrayed quite clearly as the boys begin to perform evil and savage-like acts. The boys believe that there is a monster that inhabits the island that they must hunt down before it gets them. This central belief is the root of their evil, as they begin to act like savages, only caring about hunting down the beast, and not thinking or caring about anything else. As their savagery progresses, the boys eventually end up killing Simon, but think only twice about it, passing it by and forgetting it quite easily. Director, Harry Hook, portrays that without a strong government telling them what to do, the boys have almost completely forgotten who they are and believe that they can do anything they want, including even killing those who annoy them. Nicolo Machiavelli conceived that leaders who are â€Å"feared† rather than â€Å"loved† are the most effective of them all (Machiavelli 1). The character, Jack, establishes himself as someone to be feared and followed early on in the film. Jack punishes those who fail to act according to his rules and procedures thus exuding a position of power and authority over the other boys. Jack can be portrayed as Machiavelli’s ideal leader who â€Å"so long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal† does not mind â€Å"the reproach of cruelty; because with a few examples he will be more merciful than those who, through too much mercy, allow disorders to arise† (Machiavelli 1). John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Nicolo Machiavelli all had specific perceptions on the ideal and perfect government system or leader. These three philosophical interpretations of government and human nature present themselves neatly in the film, Lord of the Flies. Though in the film the boys do become savages and result to even killing each other, at the end of the film they are discovered by other humans and stop in their tracks, realizing their mistakes and inhumanity, thus giving the viewer hope that there may be hope for the human race.